Smash Preworkout Gummies: Inside the Formula, How Effective They’ll Be, and What Athletes Should Know

Table of Contents

1. Key Highlights
2. Introduction
3. Smash’s strategy: edible supplements beyond creatine
4. Inside the formula: ingredient-by-ingredient breakdown
5. Why gummies force trade-offs—and how brands adapt
6. How gummy pre-workouts compare to powders in practice
7. Performance expectations: what a user should realistically expect
8. Practical dosing and timing recommendations
9. Safety, side effects, and regulatory considerations
10. Manufacturing realities: how makers turn active powders into chewables
11. Market context: why chewables appeal and where they may fall short
12. Real-world scenarios: who should try Smash Preworkout Gummies?
13. Flavor, packaging, and consumer experience
14. The commercial calculus: price, positioning, and future innovation
15. Practical buying checklist: what to look for on the label
16. Predictions: will gummy pre-workouts become mainstream?
17. Final thoughts on value and use cases
18. FAQ

Key Highlights

• Smash’s new Preworkout Gummies pack citrulline, beta-alanine, glycerol, tyrosine, theanine, and caffeine into a four-piece serving; the product is available in single and double-serve formats.
• The gummy format forces trade-offs: ingredient dosages are lower than typical powder pre-workouts, but the convenience, taste, and portability make this a distinct option for users willing to compromise on maximal clinical dosages.
• Users should weigh efficacy expectations against safety, timing, and stacking strategies—doubling servings can bring some actives closer to effective ranges but also increases total caffeine and cumulative stimulants.

Introduction

Smash, a brand that first gained traction with edible creatine, is expanding its edible lineup beyond single-ingredient supplements. The company’s Preworkout Gummies compress a familiar set of performance and focus ingredients into a chewable format: citrulline and beta-alanine for pumps and endurance, glycerol for hydration and volumization, tyrosine and theanine for cognitive support, and caffeine for energy. The result is a compact, flavorful alternative to traditional powdered pre-workouts—but one that requires consumers to reconsider how they measure potency, timing, and value.

This article dissects Smash’s formulation, explains the science behind each ingredient, compares the product with powdered pre-workouts, and offers practical guidance for athletes and gym-goers who are curious about switching to gummies. It also explains the manufacturing and regulatory realities that shape chewable supplements, so buyers can make informed choices rather than buying on novelty or convenience alone.

Smash’s strategy: edible supplements beyond creatine

Smash found early success by converting a staple sports-nutrition ingredient—creatine—into a gummy. That move followed a broader trend: manufacturers experimenting with chewables to reach consumers who dislike mixing powders or swallowing pills. The Preworkout Gummies represent the next logical step for Smash: combining several actives into a single, flavored dose that promises the ritual of a pre-workout without the mess.

The product arrives in two configurations: a standard jar providing 25 regular servings and a smaller jar with 12 “double” servings. A regular serving consists of four gummies and contains 1,000 mg citrulline, 1,000 mg beta-alanine, 600 mg glycerol, 500 mg tyrosine, 100 mg theanine, and 200 mg caffeine. The double serving doubles those amounts per intake, so a double serving yields 2 g citrulline, 2 g beta-alanine, 1.2 g glycerol, 1 g tyrosine, 200 mg theanine, and 400 mg caffeine while halving the number of total servings per jar.

This packaging strategy signals two intentions. First, it acknowledges that the gummy format imposes volume and taste constraints that limit how much active ingredient can fit into a single chew. Second, it gives consumers a straightforward option: take one serving for a lighter, safer dose, or a double serving for something closer to a conventional powder dose profile, at the expense of consuming fewer servings and doubling stimulant intake.

Inside the formula: ingredient-by-ingredient breakdown

The most useful way to evaluate Smash’s Preworkout Gummies is to inspect what’s included and measure those amounts against typical efficacious ranges used in exercise nutrition.

• Citrulline — 1,000 mg per 4-piece serving (2,000 mg if doubled) Citrulline supports nitric oxide production and can improve blood flow and “pump.” Clinical trials and performance protocols commonly use L-citrulline or citrulline malate in doses ranging from 3 g to 8 g for robust effects, with many powder pre-workouts targeting 6–8 g of citrulline malate. At 1 g per regular serving, Smash’s formula sits well below the clinical sweet spot. A double serving brings the amount to 2 g—still modest relative to typical powder-based products, but closer to the lower end of what some users may notice for improved blood flow.
• Beta-alanine — 1,000 mg per serving (2,000 mg doubled) Beta-alanine buffers muscle acid accumulation during high-intensity effort, which can delay fatigue. Effective chronic dosing for performance improvements usually involves daily loading to achieve a cumulative intake: commonly 3–6 g per day spread across doses over weeks. A single serving of 1 g contributes to that loading, and doubling to 2 g is helpful but still short of the usual loading range. The benefit of including beta-alanine in a gummy is long-term compliance—chewable formats may make daily dosing easier for consumers who struggle with powders or capsules.
• Glycerol — 600 mg per serving (1,200 mg doubled) Glycerol increases osmolyte-driven cellular hydration and can support “fullness” or pump when ingested in larger doses (several grams). Many glycerol formulations aim for multi-gram doses to produce reliable effects on hydration and volumization. Smash’s inclusion of 600 mg per serving is modest; doubling produces 1.2 g, still below typical single-dose levels used in glycerol studies. Expect mild contributions to perceived hydration or pump rather than dramatic, clinically validated shifts.
• Tyrosine — 500 mg per serving (1,000 mg doubled) L-tyrosine is a precursor to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine) and supports cognitive focus under stress. Effective single doses vary, but many acute studies and nootropic formulations use 500–2,000 mg. A standard 500 mg fits comfortably within a usable range and can support focus for some users. Doubling to 1 g increases the likelihood of noticeability.
• Theanine — 100 mg per serving (200 mg doubled) Theanine, an amino acid found in tea, helps smooth stimulatory effects and promotes neural calm without sedation. Typical synergistic ratios for caffeine:theanine often fall around 2:1 to 1:1; common combinations are 100 mg theanine with 50–200 mg of caffeine to reduce jitteriness and sharpen attention. Smash pairs 100 mg theanine with 200 mg caffeine per serving, aligning with common nootropic pairing practices. Doubling keeps the ratio similar.
• Caffeine — 200 mg per serving (400 mg doubled) Caffeine is the core stimulant. At 200 mg, a regular serving delivers a moderate pre-workout stimulant dose for many adults. Doubling to 400 mg is a high dose for a single pre-workout; it can be effective for experienced users but risks overstimulation for caffeine-sensitive individuals. The product’s design lets users either take a lighter stimulant load or a potent dose that approximates many high-stimulant powders.

Taken together, the formula is consciously conservative relative to powder pre-workouts, which often stack higher doses of citrulline and beta-alanine. Smash prioritizes a balanced profile across pumps, endurance, cognition, and energy within the physical and taste constraints of a gummy.

Why gummies force trade-offs—and how brands adapt

Chewable supplements face several formulation challenges that shape what ends up on the label. Gummies must be palatable, stable, and safe for consumption at room temperature and over weeks-to-months of shelf life. That reality imposes limits on active ingredient density.

Volume and texture: Gummies rely on gelatin, pectin, or similar gelling agents to create chewable texture. These matrices occupy volume and constrain how much powdered active can be incorporated before texture suffers. Highly concentrated gummies can become chalky or lose structural integrity.

Taste masking: Many pre-workout ingredients taste bitter or metallic. High doses make effective taste masking essential. Powder pre-workouts hide flavor behind concentrated sweeteners and flavor systems in larger volumes of liquid. Gummies must balance sweetness and acidity with the need to mask potent actives—another reason doses tend to be lower.

Stability and hygroscopicity: Ingredients like citrulline and some amino acids are hygroscopic—they absorb moisture. In a gummy matrix, moisture migration can affect texture and potency. Manufacturers compensate with encapsulation or stabilizers, which add formulation complexity and cost.

Manufacturing throughput and cost: Producing high-dose gummies requires more raw material per piece and often specialized processes to keep actives homogeneous. That increases production cost and retail price. Packaging with desiccants or barrier sachets adds to logistics expenses.

Smash’s formula reflects adaptations to these constraints. The brand distributes multiple actives at moderate doses rather than maximizing any single ingredient. For consumers, that yields a flavorful, convenient product that delivers a composite pre-workout effect rather than full-dose clinical levels of individual ingredients.

How gummy pre-workouts compare to powders in practice

The switch from powder to chewable changes several practical aspects of supplementation:

• Dosing precision: Powder tubs typically list higher per-serving actives, and scoops allow micro-adjustments. Gummies offer fixed dosing—precise for compliance but less flexible for titration. Smash’s double-serving option mitigates this by enabling a higher single intake if desired.
• Onset and absorption: Chewing increases surface area and may speed gastric transit, but most amino acids and caffeine are absorbed through the gut rather than buccal membranes. In practice, onset time for caffeine remains similar—roughly 20–60 minutes. If a high-percentage of actives are encapsulated or coated to reduce taste, onset could be slightly slower.
• Perceived experience: Taste and convenience count. Gummies remove the ritual of mixing and the need for a shaker. For users who dislike powder grit, chalky beta-alanine sensations, or pre-workout taste, gummies are a major win. That convenience can improve consistency and adherence—meaning users might actually take their pre-workout more reliably.
• Effect size: Expect smaller acute effects from pumps and buffering compared with full-dose powders. Some cereal-like "feel" may be present, especially if beta-alanine is dosed to elicit paresthesia (the tingling sensation). For energy and focus, the combination of caffeine and tyrosine can be meaningful at these doses.
• Flexibility and stacking: Powders allow “build-your-own” stacking and dose tinkering. Gummies simplify the regimen but limit custom tuning. Users who like to cycle stimulants, manipulate beta-alanine loading, or mix separate nitric oxide boosters may prefer powders for that control.

The bottom line: gummies optimize convenience and palatability at the cost of maximal single-ingredient potency.

Performance expectations: what a user should realistically expect

Performance outcomes fall into three practical bands: immediate energy and focus, short-term pump and volumization, and chronic conditioning through ingredients requiring loading.

Immediate energy and focus Caffeine and tyrosine are primary drivers here. A 200 mg caffeine dose reliably elevates alertness for many adults; paired with 500 mg tyrosine, the blend can aid cognitive performance under stress. Theanine’s calming effect helps reduce jitter while preserving attention. Regular-serving gummies should provide a noticeable energy and focus uplift. Doubling yields a stronger response but introduces risk for jitter and increased heart rate in sensitive users.

Short-term pump and hydration Citrulline and glycerol contribute to blood flow and cellular hydration, respectively, but the 1 g citrulline and 600 mg glycerol per regular serving are modest. Expect mild to moderate pump effects—more pronounced in pumps-sensitive individuals or when combined with high-repetition training and proper hydration. Doubling improves pump potential but still may not match the vasodilatory effects of high-citrulline powders.

Endurance and buffering Beta-alanine works via cumulative saturation of muscle carnosine—results appear over days and weeks rather than immediately. Single doses help, but real benefits require daily intake. Smash’s 1 g beta-alanine per serving can serve as a compliance-friendly daily load; doubling expedites reaching target cumulative doses. Individuals who already load beta-alanine via other sources will see faster results by taking a double serving.

Tolerability Taste and mouthfeel increase adherence. Paresthesia (tingling) from beta-alanine may be lighter at these doses, making the product tolerable for those who hate the sensation. Caffeine sensitivity remains the primary tolerability concern; dosing strategy should reflect personal tolerance.

Practical dosing and timing recommendations

Smash’s labeling choices create two straightforward user paths. Choose the one that matches your goals and tolerance.

Option A — Standard dose (4 gummies; 200 mg caffeine)

• Who should use it: caffeine-sensitive users, those seeking moderate energy and focus, or anyone prioritizing portability and taste.
• Timing: 20–40 minutes pre-workout for caffeine to peak; 30–60 minutes if targeting pump and vasodilation.
• Expectation: moderate energy and focus, mild pump, incremental contribution to beta-alanine loading.

Option B — Double dose (8 gummies; 400 mg caffeine)

• Who should use it: experienced, stimulant-tolerant athletes who want a stronger acute effect and are comfortable dosing higher caffeine.
• Timing: same timing as above. Monitor cardiovascular response and avoid other caffeine sources around the workout.
• Expectation: stronger energy and focus, improved but still moderate pump; faster beta-alanine loading.

Daily beta-alanine compliance

• Beta-alanine works best when consumed daily. Incorporate Smash gummies into a daily routine even on non-training days to accumulate carnosine. A single serving provides 1 g—helpful for steady progress.

Stacking with creatine

• Smash’s creatine gummies exist, and pairing them with Preworkout Gummies is feasible. Timing is flexible; creatine benefits from daily consistency rather than acute pre-workout timing. Users can take creatine gummies separately or alongside pre-workout gummies. Be mindful of total carbohydrate or sweetener intake if combining multiple gummy products.

Hydration and electrolytes

• Glycerol’s osmotic effects rely on adequate fluid intake. Drink water before and during training to get the best volumization benefit. Consider an electrolyte source for long or hot sessions.

Caffeine safety

• For most adults, acute caffeine doses up to 400 mg are within recommended limits, but sensitivity varies. Avoid double-dosing if you consume additional caffeine via coffee, tea, or other supplements within a close timeframe.

Safety, side effects, and regulatory considerations

Gummies do not eliminate the physiological effects of active ingredients. Users should understand the predictable side effects and regulatory environment surrounding pre-workout supplements.

Common side effects

• Jitteriness and elevated heart rate: driven primarily by caffeine. Monitor your reaction at the single-serving level before trying a double.
• Paresthesia: caused by beta-alanine. The sensation is harmless but uncomfortable for some. Lower doses reduce intensity.
• Gastrointestinal upset: chewed gummies with high sweetener content or sugar alcohols can cause GI distress for sensitive individuals.
• Headaches and sleep disruption: late-day dosing with caffeine may impair sleep.

Contraindications and precautions

• Pregnant or breastfeeding individuals should avoid stimulant-containing pre-workouts unless cleared by a healthcare provider.
• People with cardiovascular conditions or who take medications that interact with stimulants should consult a clinician before use.
• Those on monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) or certain antidepressants should be cautious with tyrosine due to catecholamine pathways.

Regulatory and labeling notes

• Gummies must follow dietary supplement regulations: ingredient identity, serving size, nutrition facts, and avoiding disease-treatment claims. Consumers should verify third-party testing for contaminants and potency when possible.
• Serving potency claims should be compared to clinically tested doses. In this case, Smash’s actives are presented transparently, enabling informed decisions.

Manufacturing realities: how makers turn active powders into chewables

Turning a multi-ingredient pre-workout into a gummy involves balancing chemistry, sensory experience, and process engineering.

Ingredient compatibility

• Some actives react poorly with acids or high heat. Formulators choose compatible excipients and protectants like encapsulation for sensitive ingredients.
• Taste masking often employs microencapsulation or bitter blockers. Each addition increases cost and can influence texture.

Processing temperatures

• Gummy manufacture typically involves heat. Sensitive compounds must either tolerate the thermal profile or be added post-gelation via coatings or low-heat encapsulated forms.

Shelf life and moisture control

• Gummies must maintain texture and avoid microbial growth. Manufacturers invest in packaging solutions—foil seals, desiccants, and oxygen barriers—to control moisture and preserve actives. Labels should indicate recommended storage conditions.

Quality control

• Homogeneity is challenging in solid chewables. High-quality makers continuously test for uniform distribution of actives to ensure each gummy matches label claims.

Smash’s move into pre-workout gummies indicates confidence that these manufacturing challenges can be managed at scale while preserving a pleasant consumer experience.

Market context: why chewables appeal and where they may fall short

The supplement market has matured beyond traditional powders and pills. Chewables serve specific consumer desires:

Convenience and compliance

• Many consumers skip pre-workouts because they hate mixing powders or forget to prepare them. Gummies remove those barriers. For frequent travelers, shift workers, and gym members who train outdoors or in shared spaces, gummies are an easy grab-and-go option.

Taste and brand differentiation

• Flavor becomes a brand differentiator. Gummies that taste like candy attract users who otherwise avoid supplements. For younger demographics, chewables aid trial and social sharing.

Price and value perception

• Gummies tend to cost more per effective milligram of certain actives due to manufacturing complexity. Cost-conscious athletes who prioritize absolute potency may stick with powders.

Efficacy expectations

• Serious athletes and competitive lifters chasing maximal nitric oxide or anaerobic endurance enhancements may still prefer powders, which support higher ingredient densities. Gummies fit the needs of recreational athletes, commuters, and consumers prioritizing convenience.

Category growth

• The preworkout gummy category will likely grow as manufacturers refine formulations and address dosing gaps. Smash’s entry validates both consumer demand and supplier capability.

Real-world scenarios: who should try Smash Preworkout Gummies?

Consider several user archetypes and how the product fits their needs.

The commuter who trains before work

• Time and convenience are key. A single-serve gummy taken on the way to the gym provides steady caffeine-driven alertness and a pleasant ritual without a shaker bottle. The moderate stimulant dose reduces the risk of midday crash when compared with high-caffeine powders.

The beginner or stimulant-sensitive gym-goer

• New users often prefer to begin with conservative doses. Smash’s single-serving profile offers a balanced introduction to pre-workout effects without overwhelming stimulation. They can maintain daily beta-alanine supplementation painlessly.

The traveler or event athlete

• Packing powders can be impractical when traveling. Gummies are lightweight and usually compliant with airline regulations for solids. Stacking gummies with other supplements becomes logistically easier.

The performance-oriented lifter

• Athletes chasing maximal pumps, high-intensity interval performance, or precise dosing will find gummies lack the high citrulline and beta-alanine doses they expect from powders. These users may use gummies for convenience on travel days but prefer powders for competition or heavy training phases.

The everyday lifter prioritizing taste and habit

• If adherence is the challenge—forgetting to take supplements, disliking powder texture—chewables can substantially improve consistency. Over time, consistent lower-dose exposure to beta-alanine and creatine (if stacked) can deliver meaningful gains.

Flavor, packaging, and consumer experience

Smash positions the Preworkout Gummies with flavor options and two serving-size packs—25 regular or 12 double servings. Packaging choices influence consumer behavior:

• Trialability: smaller jars with double servings suit users who want stronger effects for shorter training cycles or to test tolerance.
• Habit-forming: larger jars with 25 servings cater to daily users who want a steady pre-workout ritual.
• Flavor variety: palatable flavors increase repeat purchases, especially when formulations would otherwise taste medicinal.

Manufacturers must balance sweetness, mouthfeel, and aftertaste while ensuring that actives remain within safe and label-accurate limits. Smart packaging includes clear serving guidance and warnings about stimulant content.

The commercial calculus: price, positioning, and future innovation

Smash is not the first company to convert sports nutrition into chews. What matters commercially is price-per-effective-dose and brand positioning.

• Premium pricing versus efficacy: Gummies will often carry premium price tags relative to gram-per-gram active cost. Brands justify this with convenience, taste, and format novelty. Success depends on matching consumer willingness-to-pay with perceived benefit.
• Expansion paths: Brands can experiment with layered gummies (slow/fast release), targeted blends (stimulant-free, sleep-friendly), and synergistic stacks bundled with creatine or electrolyte gummies to overcome single-format limitations.
• Ingredient innovation: Improved microencapsulation and taste-masking technologies could enable higher actives per piece over time. Expect next-generation chewables to narrow the potency gap with powders.
• Retail channels: Gummies perform well in mainstream retail and e-commerce where impulse purchase and flavor attraction drive trial. Specialty sports retailers will evaluate efficacy claims more critically.

Smash’s move signals that chewable pre-workouts are transitioning from curiosity to legitimate subcategory. The long-term winners will balance efficacy, flavor, and value.

Practical buying checklist: what to look for on the label

Before purchasing a gummy pre-workout, check these items:

• Transparent dosing: Avoid products that bury ingredient amounts behind proprietary blends.
• Serving size math: Confirm how many gummies constitute a serving and how many servings per container.
• Stimulant content: Note total caffeine per serving and decide whether to use single or double servings based on tolerance.
• Beta-alanine and creatine inclusion: If you track cumulative intake for loading, calculate daily totals across all supplements.
• Allergens and sugar content: Gummies can contain gelatin, pectin, or sugar alcohols that may trigger allergies or GI distress.
• Third-party testing: Certificates of analysis (COAs) for potency and contaminant screens increase trust.
• Storage recommendations: Ensure packaging supports a reasonable shelf life without refrigeration.

Using this checklist helps avoid surprises in taste, potency, and value.

Predictions: will gummy pre-workouts become mainstream?

Gummy pre-workouts occupy a niche with clear strengths and predictable limits. Adoption hinges on several factors:

• Improvements in active density and taste masking through formulation advances.
• Consumer tolerance for modest reductions in pump ingredients in exchange for convenience.
• Pricing that reflects the convenience premium without alienating value-focused buyers.
• Regulatory clarity and a reliable supply chain for encapsulated and stable actives.

If manufacturers address the potency gap through better encapsulation and microdosage technologies, gummies could move from convenience formats for casual users to viable alternatives for more serious athletes. For now, they excel among users prioritizing ease-of-use, flavor, and portability.

Final thoughts on value and use cases

Smash Preworkout Gummies offer a considered compromise: a multi-ingredient pre-workout experience delivered in a flavorful, portable format with transparent dosing. They are unlikely to replace clinical-dose powders in the toolkits of strength athletes and competitive lifters who prize maximal acute effects. For large segments of the market—commuters, beginners, travelers, and those who value taste and consistency—the product answers persistent adoption barriers.

Doubling servings narrows the gap toward typical powder doses, but also raises stimulant concerns. Consumers should experiment first with a single serving and consider daily use for beta-alanine accumulation. When paired with Smash’s creatine gummies or another creatine source, users can build a comprehensive, chewable supplement regimen that favors adherence and convenience over maximal single-ingredient potency.

FAQ

Q: Are Smash Preworkout Gummies as effective as powder pre-workouts? A: Effectiveness depends on your goals. Gummies provide a balanced blend of energy, focus, and mild pump but contain lower amounts of some actives—especially citrulline and glycerol—compared with many powder formulas. If you seek maximal vasodilation or high-dose buffering, powders typically deliver stronger acute effects. Gummies offer convenience and adherence benefits that can translate into meaningful long-term gains for many users.

Q: How many gummies equal one serving, and what’s in a serving? A: One regular serving is four gummies. Each regular serving contains approximately 1,000 mg citrulline, 1,000 mg beta-alanine, 600 mg glycerol, 500 mg tyrosine, 100 mg theanine, and 200 mg caffeine. A double serving equals two regular servings consumed at once (8 gummies) and doubles those amounts.

Q: Is it safe to take a double serving? A: For experienced, caffeine-tolerant adults, a double serving can be safe but contains a high acute caffeine dose (400 mg) and higher amounts of other actives. Avoid double servings if you are sensitive to stimulants, have cardiovascular issues, or consume other caffeine sources close to your workout. Start with one serving to assess tolerance.

Q: Will I get the beta-alanine “tingle” from these gummies? A: Paresthesia (a tingling sensation) is dose-dependent and varies by individual. With 1 g beta-alanine per regular serving, you may experience a mild tingling. Doubling the serving increases the likelihood and intensity. The sensation is harmless but can be unpleasant for some users.

Q: Can I stack these gummies with Smash’s creatine gummies or other supplements? A: Yes. Creatine’s ergogenic effects rely on consistent daily intake, not acute ingestion. Stacking Smash Preworkout Gummies with creatine gummies is convenient and practical. Monitor total sugar or sweetener content from multiple gummy products and maintain adequate hydration, especially when combining glycerol and creatine.

Q: When should I take the gummies for best effect? A: Take gummies 20–40 minutes before training for caffeine-driven energy and 30–60 minutes for pump-focused effects. Beta-alanine benefits accrue over days and weeks, so daily dosing is more important than exact timing.

Q: Do gummies absorb faster than powder? A: Chewing increases surface area and may slightly speed digestive processing, but most active absorption still occurs in the gut. Expect similar onset times for caffeine and amino acids as with powders—roughly 20–60 minutes for noticeable effects.

Q: Are there side effects I should watch for? A: Common side effects include jitters, increased heart rate (from caffeine), paresthesia (from beta-alanine), and potential GI upset from sweeteners. Avoid the product if pregnant, breastfeeding, or if you have cardiovascular issues without medical approval.

Q: How do I choose between the regular and double-serving jars? A: Pick the regular jar if you prefer lower stimulant exposure and want more total servings per container. Choose the double-serving jar if you typically need higher stimulant and cognitive support and prefer fewer but stronger doses. Always start with a single serving to gauge tolerance.

Q: Will gummies replace powders in the market? A: Gummies will expand the supplement category and capture consumers who prioritize convenience and taste. Powders will maintain a strong position for athletes who require maximal ingredient doses. The two formats will coexist, serving different priorities and use cases.