Drew Allar’s Pro Preparation: How the Steelers and John Beck Aim to Turn a Third‑Round Pick into a Starter

Drew Allar Shares Workout Plans Ahead Of Training Camp, Shows Right Mentality

Table of Contents

  1. Key Highlights
  2. Introduction
  3. From first‑round potential to third‑round reality
  4. What the Steelers see: size, arm and upside
  5. Resetting the foundation: footwork, mechanics and timing
  6. The private coach effect: John Beck and 3DQB
  7. Learning inside a veteran environment: Rodgers, McCarthy and Tom Arth
  8. The third‑quarterback role: expectations and pathways
  9. The daily regimen: how Allar is filling the hours outside team practice
  10. Film study beyond self‑review: learning from teammates
  11. Measuring progress: benchmarks coaches will watch
  12. The mental side: processing, rhythm and pocket adrenaline
  13. Preseason and practice windows: where the work gets tested
  14. Case studies: how private coaching and team alignment changed other QBs
  15. Injury management and durability: non‑negotiable elements
  16. How fans should read training camp progress
  17. Timeline and realistic expectations for Year One and beyond
  18. The coaching relationship: aligning messages across staff and private trainers
  19. What to watch this season: five concrete indicators
  20. The broader quarterback development landscape: coaching, technology and data
  21. Comparing Allar’s path with historical successful transitions
  22. Risks and contingencies: what could slow progress
  23. A practical guide for fans tracking Allar’s growth
  24. The long game: how Allar becomes a starter
  25. FAQ

Key Highlights

  • Drew Allar fell to the third round at No. 76 despite first‑round pedigree; Pittsburgh views him as a long‑term starter and is pairing team coaching with private instruction.
  • The immediate focus is on mechanics—especially resetting footwork—and on daily, outside‑of‑practice work with John Beck and 3DQB to accelerate transition to the NFL.
  • Allar is expected to begin the season as the third quarterback, learning under Mike McCarthy, QB coach Tom Arth and Aaron Rodgers, while building a personalized development plan aimed at earning a larger role.

Introduction

Drew Allar arrived in Pittsburgh not as a finished product but as a raw, high‑ceiling quarterback with clear physical traits and a growing professional mindset. Once viewed as a potential first‑round selection, Allar’s draft stock fell after inconsistent play and injury clouded his college résumé. The Steelers selected him at No. 76, then immediately set about blending team instruction with private coaching to accelerate his development.

That blended approach reflects how modern NFL quarterback development works. Coaches provide structure, scheme and context. Private instructors supply repetition, targeted drills and a focus on pocket fundamentals that translate practice into reliable in‑game performance. For Allar, the immediate work is precise: reset mechanics, refine reads, and adopt the habits that separate NFL starters from projection prospects. The long game is patience—earning reps, learning the offense and showing sustained progress. This article traces Allar’s path from college prospect to NFL newcomer, examines the specific areas of his game the Steelers and his private coaches are addressing, and lays out what to watch for as he navigates his rookie season.

From first‑round potential to third‑round reality

Allar’s college tape contained flashes that enticed evaluators: size, arm strength and the ability to make throws from different platforms. Scouts projected him as a high draft pick during parts of his college career. Then inconsistency on the field and the presence of injuries changed perceptions. The combination of uneven performances and durability questions pushed him down draft boards, and he ultimately fell to the Steelers in the third round.

That drop was significant in terms of expectations and opportunity. First‑round picks typically receive immediate, long‑term investment and clearer pathways to early playing time. Third‑round selections get development windows instead. The Steelers’ decision to select Allar where they did signals a calculated belief: his upside justifies dedicating resources to his growth even if that growth is not immediate.

This is not an unusual trajectory. College quarterbacks with elite physical traits but incomplete polish often fall in the draft. Teams that routinely find value in later rounds do so by committing to methodical development—personnel departments evaluate how coaching and repetition can convert physical tools into reliable NFL performance. Pittsburgh’s pick indicates the front office trusts the coaching staff to shepherd Allar through that conversion.

What the Steelers see: size, arm and upside

When an NFL team takes a quarterback after the first wave of selections, it typically does so for measurable upside rather than immediate readiness. For Allar, the Steelers’ interest is rooted in three concrete attributes.

  • Size: NFL evaluators covet quarterbacks with prototypical frame and extension. A larger frame helps with pocket presence, passing lanes over defenders, and durability against contact.
  • Arm strength: The ability to drive the ball into tight windows and deliver throws on the run is a credential for modern passing schemes.
  • Projection: Teams value quarterbacks who show the raw traits that high‑level coaching and repetition can elevate into consistent performance.

Those attributes informed Pittsburgh’s decision. The staff now faces the task of transforming projection into production. That process requires identifying which tools are already reliable and which require fundamental re‑teaching.

Resetting the foundation: footwork, mechanics and timing

The most immediate and visible work with Allar centers on his footwork. Footwork anchors every throw: it sets the base, creates torque, and aligns the body to the target. Inconsistent footwork begets inconsistency overall—throws sail, timing breaks down, and pressure exposes decision‑making errors. The Steelers are methodical in this reset: they’re reintroducing standardized drills and compounding them with game‑speed rep work.

Why focus on footwork first? Because it is the lever that moves every other part of a quarterback’s delivery. When foot placement, stride length, and rhythm are correct, the timing of drop steps, set‑to‑throw cadence and weight transfer align. Coaches can then layer in processing—pre‑snap reads, progression reads and anticipation—without the body betraying the mind.

This work has stages:

  1. Isolation drills: Repetitive, low‑stress throws that emphasize plant foot, hip rotation and square‑to‑target mechanics.
  2. Progression under stress: Drills that add simulated pressure—timed drops, cone‑based rush lanes—to force footwork under duress.
  3. Integration into reads: Adding progression reads and route concepts so the footwork supports decision speed and accuracy.
  4. Game‑speed reps and film study: Repetition is matched with video to connect feel and objective correction.

Coaches often use high‑repetition, short‑duration sessions to ingrain new patterns. The goal is not to overhaul Allar’s natural motion but to make it dependable. A quarterback with a consistent base can better manage the chaos of an NFL pocket and execute an offense with timing‑based plays.

The private coach effect: John Beck and 3DQB

Allar’s offseason plan includes work with John Beck and the 3DQB program. Private quarterbacks coaches have become standard for prospects seeking tailored attention outside the team environment. These instructors specialize in repeatable drills, gameday preparation techniques, and bespoke regimens that a team’s schedule cannot always provide.

John Beck’s reputation as a quarterback mentor comes from his one‑on‑one work with established NFL starters and prospects. He has operated in the private sector to fine‑tune mechanics, improve footwork and teach pocket nuance. The advantage of a private coach is efficiency: sessions focus on the player’s specific deficits and implement high‑rep, targeted corrections away from the time constraints and schematic obligations of team practice.

For Allar, the private coach relationship serves multiple purposes:

  • Reinforcement of team instruction: Coaches like Beck echo the technical cues and drills assigned by the Steelers, ensuring continuity between what Allar hears at the facility and what he practices outside it.
  • Volume of reps: NFL practice windows are limited. Private sessions allow for additional quality repetitions without encroaching on team drills or violating team rules.
  • Confidence building: As mechanics stabilize in private work, a quarterback gains muscle memory and situational comfort that carry into team settings.
  • Specific skill work: Private coaches can isolate unique throws, such as deep‑ball touch, roll‑out accuracy, or off‑platform release, with customized progressions.

Allar’s comment that he plans to synchronize the Steelers’ coaching with what he does with Beck reflects a disciplined approach. He wants the message from the team to be reinforced, not contradicted, by his private work. That alignment is vital. When private coaches and team coaches use consistent cues and benchmarks, development accelerates.

Learning inside a veteran environment: Rodgers, McCarthy and Tom Arth

Allar joins a quarterback room with high‑level experience. Mike McCarthy’s tenure as a head coach dates back to a period when he coached one of the era’s most accomplished quarterbacks. Aaron Rodgers—present in Pittsburgh—brings a professional standard for precision, film study and game management. Tom Arth, the quarterback coach, will oversee technique and day‑to‑day rep allocation.

This confluence creates a rich developmental setting:

  • Pedigree: Working alongside veteran starters provides real examples of preparation and temperament. Observing Rodgers in meetings and on the practice field offers Allar a model for processing.
  • Coaching continuity: McCarthy and Arth provide scheme clarity. They translate offensive concepts into manageable checkpoints for a rookie learning the playbook.
  • Competitive standards: The presence of accomplished quarterbacks raises the daily threshold for execution, pushing younger players to improve.

That environment does not guarantee immediate playing time. It does, however, offer an apprenticeship model. Quarterbacks develop muscle memory, pre‑snap routines and pace for an NFL game. The challenge for Allar will be to absorb instruction while staying patient and consistently demonstrating measurable improvement.

The third‑quarterback role: expectations and pathways

Allar’s projected status this season is the third quarterback. That position is twin‑edged: it limits immediate playing opportunities but provides a lower‑pressure environment for learning. The standard trajectory for third quarterbacks is to serve as an emergency option on gamedays, handle scout‑team duties, and learn the offense while building physical strength and consistency.

Key elements of the third‑quarterback role:

  • Scout team reps: Preparing the first‑ and second‑team defense by emulating opponent schemes. This sharpens recognition and quickens mental processing.
  • Practice involvement: Working with the quarterbacks and getting limited live reps during team drills. The rookie must maximize those reps to show progress.
  • Game exposure: Opportunities often come through preseason action, or in-season if injuries occur. Each carry, practice rep and game‑day appearance becomes a data point for coaches.
  • Mental preparation: Studying the playbook to the degree of being able to step in and run the offense without hesitation.

For rookies, the simplest path to early playing time is to separate in practice. Coaches evaluate consistency, processing speed, pocket presence and accuracy. A rookie who takes advantage of non‑game opportunities—film study, one‑on‑one work and refillable practice reps—can accelerate their timeline.

The Steelers’ plan is pragmatic: expect Allar to dress for games and function as the emergency option unless circumstances change. That approach preserves roster flexibility while allowing Allar to learn. It also prevents forcing him into action before he is prepared.

The daily regimen: how Allar is filling the hours outside team practice

Allar emphasizes the private work he does outside the facility. That daily discipline sets the difference between a player who relies solely on team sessions and one who makes accelerated gains. His routine divides into discrete categories:

  • Technical reps: Hundreds of throws focusing on plant foot, timing, and route anticipation. These reps are short, precise and filmed for feedback.
  • Conditioning and recovery: Strength and mobility work tailored to injury history and to build durability in the pocket.
  • Film study: Not just watching his own throws but reviewing reps from every quarterback on the roster. He extracts technique cues and decision‑making patterns to learn.
  • Mental rehearsal: Visualization exercises and cadence practice to reduce on‑field indecision.

Allar’s public comments indicate an intentional schedule. He reviews not only his own reps but also the reps of his teammates. That habit accelerates learning; by studying different styles and mistakes, a young quarterback learns to recognize defensive patterns and anticipate outcomes. The broader the film diet, the faster the cognitive mapping of NFL defenses becomes.

The importance of non‑team work cannot be overstated. Limited practice time and the need to preserve players’ health mean teams cannot provide every repetition a developing quarterback requires. Private work fills that gap with focused, repetitive training that cements new mechanics into muscle memory.

Film study beyond self‑review: learning from teammates

Allar specifically mentioned watching all the quarterback reps, not just his own. That approach shows maturity. Many young quarterbacks focus narrowly on their snaps, then miss learning opportunities that arise by observing others.

Watching teammates provides:

  • Contrast: Observing different footwork or release points clarifies which mechanical elements yield consistent results.
  • Problem recognition: If a teammate fails to set his feet against interior pressure, a viewer learns a cautionary pattern to avoid.
  • Concept reinforcement: Seeing how other quarterbacks process the same playbooks offers alternative solutions for the same problems.
  • Benchmarking: A visual comparison highlights progress and remaining gaps.

This habit is how many quarterbacks accelerate subtle improvements. Film work is not passive; it is interrogative. The quarterback asks: Why did that throw arrive late? What was the pre‑snap read? Could a different foot placement have created a clearer lane? The answers create a feedback loop that informs private practice.

Measuring progress: benchmarks coaches will watch

Coaches use both objective metrics and qualitative signs to judge a rookie’s readiness. For Allar, measurable progress will show up in several areas.

  • Accuracy under pressure: Downfield and intermediate completion percentages when forced off platform.
  • Timing on rhythm throws: Precision on timing‑based concepts such as slants, outs and quick‑game patterns.
  • Pocket navigation: Efficiency escaping pressure and creating throwing lanes without an overreliance on mobility.
  • Decision speed: The time from snap to commit with progression reads.
  • Consistency in mechanics: Reduced variance in footwork and release, measured across film sessions.

Coaches also monitor recovery and injury status. A player’s availability affects how aggressively a team will deploy him. Allar’s prior injury profile influenced his draft slot; continuous health will be a prerequisite for expanded opportunity.

Beyond raw numbers, the coaching staff will assess intangible markers: leadership, ability to run the huddle, preparation for meetings and poise in mistakes. A quarterback who learns quickly from errors and demonstrates resilience in practice builds coaches’ trust.

The mental side: processing, rhythm and pocket adrenaline

Mechanics and physical traits receive most attention from outside observers but mental components dictate whether those traits translate in games. For Allar, mental development rests on three pillars.

  • Processing speed: Reading structures, identifying the first two progressions and anticipating defensive responses before they fully develop.
  • Rhythm and cadence: Managing the offense’s tempo, including timing with receivers and the ability to control the line of scrimmage through cadence variation.
  • Calm under pressure: Learning to tuck mistakes, reset, and execute the next play without emotional carryover.

These skills improve with repetition, but they also require the correct practice environment. Simulated pressure, scripted coverage variations and time‑constrained decision drills help. Veteran teammates also model composure. Watching a seasoned quarterback handle a two‑minute drill or manage a third‑and‑long sequence offers a real example to emulate.

Private sessions can augment mental training with film quizzes, scenario planning and an emphasis on process rather than outcome. Repetition reduces cognitive load: when mechanics become automatic, processing capacity frees to handle reads and downfield anticipation.

Preseason and practice windows: where the work gets tested

Preseason games and intra‑team scrimmages will provide Allar his first real tests. While playing meaningful snaps is not guaranteed, these situations let coaches see whether adjustments can hold under game conditions.

What coaches look for in preseason:

  • Transfer of mechanics from practice to game speed.
  • Ability to read defenses quickly and make timely decisions.
  • Poise when plays break down and when facing surprise pressures or disguised coverage.
  • Communication under crowds and game noise.

Preseason reps function as stress tests for developmental changes. A tidy footwork pattern that clicks in private work might unravel against a live rush. Conversely, a player who executes newly taught mechanics in a game environment demonstrates readiness for expanded reps.

For rookies like Allar, measured preseason success often triggers more practice reps and greater involvement in game plans. An effective showing does not mean an immediate starting assignment but it raises the probability of the quarterback moving up the depth chart.

Case studies: how private coaching and team alignment changed other QBs

Examining other quarterbacks’ paths illustrates how the combination of private coaching and team instruction accelerates progress.

  • Example: A quarterback with raw arm talent but inconsistent mechanics benefits from offseason private work that aligns with team signals. Over a season, mechanical steadiness improves, confidence rises and the player converts one‑off accurate throws into consistent completion rates. The private coach provides the volume and repetition while the team coaches provide schematic fit and situational reps.
  • Example: A developmental QB who learns to process defenses faster through systematic film study and scenario practice can reduce pre‑snap confusion—leading to quicker decisions, fewer sacks and more effective intermediate passing. That cognitive progress often appears first in practice, then in fast‑paced game sequences.

These patterns are common. Private coaches do not replace team staffs; they amplify and personalize the team’s work. The most successful QB developments occur when messages from private instructors and team coaches harmonize.

Injury management and durability: non‑negotiable elements

Injury history played a role in Allar’s fall to the third round. Durability remains a key variable in evaluating his timeline. Teams manage injury risk with a combination of strength training, conditioning, recovery protocols and practice volume management.

Durability work includes:

  • Strength and conditioning programs tailored to protect vulnerable joints or previously injured areas.
  • Mobility and flexibility regimens to reduce strain and improve throwing platform stability.
  • Controlled exposure in practice to limit unnecessary high‑impact repetitions.
  • Ongoing medical monitoring and communication between team and private trainers.

NFL teams weigh upside against health risk. A player who can remain available while improving fundamentals becomes exponentially more valuable than an equally talented player with continued availability issues. Allar’s approach—targeted private work plus team oversight—addresses both development and durability.

How fans should read training camp progress

Fans tend to want immediate answers, but rookie development rarely follows a straight line. Training camp will show glimpses: some days Allar will look sharp, other days the old inconsistencies will resurface. Interpreting these sessions requires context.

Useful markers for fans:

  • Consistency over stretches, not single plays. One deep ball does not prove readiness; repeated, accurate throws in similar situations do.
  • Execution under pressure. Did Allar maintain mechanics when the pocket collapsed, or did he revert to old habits?
  • Command of the playbook. Was he able to communicate changes and run the offense fluidly in team periods?
  • Coach reactions. Subtle changes in practice repetitions—more instances in team drills, extra one‑on‑one work—signal growing trust.

Patience is essential. Many quarterbacks who became reliable starters looked raw in their rookie camps. The season’s early months will reveal whether Allar is trending toward stability or needs more time.

Timeline and realistic expectations for Year One and beyond

The Steelers drafted Allar with a multi‑year horizon. Year one will focus on fundamentals and absorbing the offense. Realistic expectations look like this:

  • Early season: Third‑quarterback role, roster spot, scout team reps and gradual integration into practice packages.
  • Midseason: Potential elevation into more competitive reps in practice if improvements manifest. Preseason performance and injury situations can accelerate this timeline.
  • Year two: If progression is steady and health is maintained, Allar becomes a legitimate competitor for backup roles and situational packages.
  • Year three and beyond: The true evaluation window. The third year allows a full cycle of coaching, physical maturation and meaningful game exposure.

That timeline reflects the reality that quarterbacks are complex projects. Success comes from sustained, measurable improvements and seizing limited opportunities. The Steelers have created the developmental scaffolding; Allar’s execution will determine how quickly he climbs it.

The coaching relationship: aligning messages across staff and private trainers

A critical but sometimes overlooked element in a rookie’s development is message alignment. Contradictory cues from private coaches and team staff create confusion and slow progress. Allar’s plan to use private coaching that echoes team directives reduces that risk.

Alignment requires:

  • Clear communication: Coaches and private trainers discussing targets, drills and benchmarks.
  • Unified cues: Using the same technical language—“set foot,” “finish hip,” “drive feet”—so muscle memory forms around consistent signals.
  • Shared progress metrics: Agreed‑upon milestones keep everyone accountable and focus training on prioritized corrections.

When all parties share a common developmental plan, progress compounds. Pittsburg’s staff and Allar’s private coach appear to be following that model.

What to watch this season: five concrete indicators

Watching a rookie’s progress can be more informative when you know what to measure. For Allar, five indicators stand out:

  1. Tight‑window accuracy: Completion of throws into small spaces under pressure.
  2. Timing on rhythm plays: Precision on throws that rely on sync with receiver steps.
  3. Progression habits: Eyes downfield and smooth transitions between reads.
  4. Pocket mechanics: Minimal wasted movement, efficient steps and clear posture.
  5. Consistent practice rep growth: Increasing reps in team drills and more one‑on‑one attention from coaches.

Each is observable in film and summarized by basic statistics, but the qualitative context matters: the way he gets the ball there, not just whether he gets it there.

The broader quarterback development landscape: coaching, technology and data

Quarterback development now combines coaching art with technology and data. Private coaches bring high‑rep drills; teams bring playbook complexity and analytics. Training programs employ wearable tech, motion capture, and video analysis to quantify improvements.

For example:

  • Motion capture systems analyze release angles and shoulder rotation to target mechanical flaws.
  • Slow‑motion film allows breakdown of millisecond timing differences on timing routes.
  • Analytics track completion probability based on throw depth, location and pressure to quantify progress.

Allar’s use of 3DQB suggests he will access some of these modern tools. When used properly, data validates coaching cues: it shows whether mechanical tweaks actually improve anticipated outcomes on throws.

Comparing Allar’s path with historical successful transitions

Successful QB transitions share several features: patient coaching, targeted practice, health, and situational opportunities. Examples from recent history show a variety of developmental timelines—some quarterbacks start early and struggle before improving; others take years before their traits coalesce into performance.

Common threads among successful transitions:

  • Consistent mechanical foundation established early in training.
  • Small, incremental improvements prioritized over sweeping changes.
  • Strong mentorship from veterans and coaches.
  • Mental fortitude and ability to learn quickly from mistakes.

Allar’s setup matches those conditions: focused coaching, a veteran quarterback presence and a staff committed to development. Execution remains the variable.

Risks and contingencies: what could slow progress

Several factors could derail or delay Allar’s timeline:

  • Reversion in mechanics under live pressure.
  • Recurrence of injury, which would limit reps and erode confidence.
  • Mismatch between private coaching cues and team strategy.
  • Lack of mental processing speed in recognizing NFL coverages and disguises.

Teams mitigate these risks with controlled practice exposure, continual medical oversight and deliberate alignment between private instructors and team coaches. The next year will show how effectively Pittsburgh and Allar manage these contingencies.

A practical guide for fans tracking Allar’s growth

Fans can follow measurable signs to evaluate Allar’s trajectory without needing advanced analytics.

  • Watch preseason snaps: Are mechanics consistent? Does he complete timing throws?
  • Monitor practice reports: Increased team reps indicate coach trust.
  • Tune into coach comments: Praise for processing speed or mental growth is meaningful.
  • Track injury reports: Clean bills of health allow uninterrupted development.
  • Compare film over time: Look for reduced variance in footwork and release.

Those observable inputs will tell the story more reliably than hype or a single highlight.

The long game: how Allar becomes a starter

Becoming a starter requires more than physical tools. It requires trust, durability and consistency. Allar’s path will demand:

  • Repetition to make mechanics automatic.
  • Situational exposure to build decision speed.
  • Health and strength to remain available.
  • Behavioral cues: leadership in meetings, calm in adversity and steady improvement in practice.

If he demonstrates these attributes, the Steelers will have a viable quarterback with starter potential. If not, he remains a developmental prospect who may need more time or a different environment to flourish.

FAQ

Q: Will Drew Allar start for the Steelers this season? A: Not likely. He is projected to begin the season as the third quarterback. The team drafted him with a developmental timeline; immediate starting duties would require accelerated progress or injuries to the quarterbacks ahead of him.

Q: What specifically are the coaches working on with Allar? A: The immediate focus is resetting fundamentals—especially footwork—and refining mechanics to improve timing, accuracy and pocket efficiency. Coaches will layer in mental processing and progression reads as those basics stabilize.

Q: How does private coaching with John Beck help? A: Private coaching provides additional targeted repetitions, personalized drills and continuity with team instruction. Beck’s sessions allow for focused mechanical correction and volume practice that the team schedule cannot always accommodate.

Q: Could Allar’s injury history prevent him from succeeding? A: Injury history influenced his draft position. Continued health is essential for his development; the Steelers will manage training loads and conditioning to mitigate risk. Availability is a prerequisite for opportunity.

Q: What will signal that Allar is ready for a bigger role? A: Consistent accuracy under game‑speed pressure, efficient progression reads, minimal mechanical variance, and growing practice reps with the first‑ and second‑team groups will indicate readiness for increased responsibilities.

Q: How long before we can fairly evaluate his potential as a starter? A: Expect a realistic evaluation window of two to three years. Year one focuses on foundational coaching and acclimation. Year two provides more practice exposure and potential game reps. Year three offers a clearer picture of starter viability.

Q: How does training with the Steelers differ from private coaching? A: Team coaching emphasizes scheme, situational practice and integrated offense execution. Private coaching focuses on individualized mechanics, high‑rep drill work and tailored progressions. Together they create complementary paths to improvement.

Q: What should fans watch in training camp and preseason? A: Watch for mechanical consistency, timing on rhythm throws, pocket navigation, and coach decisions to increase his reps. Praise from coaches about progress or mental processing is also telling.

Q: Are the Steelers likely to keep Allar on the active roster? A: The team appears to plan for him to dress as the emergency quarterback. Roster decisions depend on preseason performance and game‑day roster strategy, but the club’s investment suggests they intend to keep him within the organization’s developmental fold.

Q: How important is alignment between private and team coaching? A: Critical. Consistent technical cues and shared benchmarks prevent confusion and accelerate the formation of reliable mechanics and habits. Allar’s plan to integrate team instruction with his private coaching aims to maintain that alignment.


The Steelers’ selection of Drew Allar begins a process rooted in repetition, alignment and patience. He arrives with traits the franchise values and with a competitive environment that can sharpen those tools. The next months will reveal whether he translates the structured instruction into consistent, in‑game production. The organization’s dual pathway—team coaching married to private instruction—gives him a framework. His willingness to do the work determines the outcome.

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