Arizona State Hockey Player’s Collapse Raises Questions About Heat, Oversight and College Sports Safety

Lawyer for Arizona State hockey player who collapsed during workout searching for answers

Table of Contents

  1. Key Highlights
  2. Introduction
  3. What is known: timeline, immediate response and public statements
  4. Heat, exertion and athlete physiology: how collapse happens
  5. Acclimatization and preseason scheduling: what good practice looks like
  6. Where processes can fail: supervision, planning and warning signs
  7. Institutional responses: ASU’s review and calls for independence
  8. Legal considerations: negligence, duty of care and investigatory pathways
  9. Emergency preparedness and on-site medical response: what saves lives
  10. Coaching culture and athlete welfare: balancing performance and safety
  11. College hockey’s unique context: indoor sport meets outdoor conditioning
  12. Comparisons and precedents: what other institutions have learned the hard way
  13. The family’s questions and legal strategies: what they can ask for now
  14. Insurance, indemnity and university obligations
  15. Athlete career implications: draft status, earning potential and long-term care
  16. What institutions typically change after incidents: policy and practice adjustments
  17. The role of regulators and the NCAA: guidance and enforcement
  18. Practical steps athletic departments should take now
  19. The broader ethical question: how colleges reconcile competitive aims with duty of care
  20. What athletes and families can do to reduce risk
  21. How the media and public scrutiny shape outcomes
  22. Moving forward: what to watch in the ASU case
  23. Lessons beyond a single incident
  24. FAQ

Key Highlights

  • Matthew Mayich, an Arizona State defenseman and St. Louis Blues draft pick, collapsed during an August 20 outdoor workout and remains hospitalized; his attorney says his condition is unlikely to improve.
  • Family attorney Rob Carey alleges the workout was prolonged, lacked adequate rest and water breaks, and calls for an independent investigation and administrative leaves for those who authorized it.
  • The incident spotlights heat-acclimatization protocols, emergency medical preparedness on college campuses, and legal and institutional accountability after high-profile athlete medical emergencies.

Introduction

A collegiate athlete collapsed during a preseason outdoor workout on the first day the NCAA permits hockey teams to conduct formal activities. Two weeks on, the player—21-year-old defenseman Matthew Mayich, a sixth-round pick by the St. Louis Blues—remains hospitalized and incapacitated, according to his family’s attorney. What began as a routine training session at Arizona State University has become a flashpoint for questions about how universities plan and supervise mandatory team activities, particularly in extreme environments.

The specifics of August 20 are now part of parallel processes: a hospital team focused on stabilizing and treating a young man; an attorney for the family demanding answers; and an athletic department promising a review. Beyond the particulars, the episode exposes vulnerabilities that recur across collegiate athletics—how institutions reduce risk from exertion, how they respond to preventable crises, and how families pursue accountability when outcomes are catastrophic. This article synthesizes the known facts, examines the science of heat-related collapse, outlines best practices and governing guidelines, and places the ASU case in a broader legal and institutional context.

What is known: timeline, immediate response and public statements

On Aug. 20, the first day the NCAA permits hockey programs to hold formal preseason activities, Arizona State scheduled an outdoor workout for members of its hockey team. According to attorney Rob Carey, who represents Mayich’s family, the session took place during a hot desert day, lasted well over an hour, and provided only a single water break for some athletes. Carey described the regimen as “onerous” and “grueling,” saying there were warning signs before Mayich collapsed and that those supervising the workout did not intervene.

Arizona State’s initial public response emphasized that “coaches and trainers were present” and that the athletic department is conducting a review. ASU athletic director Graham Rossini told reporters the university was “reviewing the facts and understanding the scenario,” and framed the review as a fact-finding exercise rather than an investigative presumption of wrongdoing.

Mayich, 21, is from Stoney Creek, Ontario. He spent four seasons with the Ottawa 67’s in the Ontario Hockey League and played last season at Clarkson University before transferring to Arizona State for the upcoming season. He was selected by the St. Louis Blues in the sixth round of the 2023 NHL Draft but had not signed an entry-level contract at the time of his collapse.

The family’s attorney has asked the university to commission an independent investigation, to place the involved staff on administrative leave, and to disclose who authorized and planned the workout. Carey said the family’s immediate priority is medical care and support for Mayich, with legal options to be considered after their own investigation is complete.

Heat, exertion and athlete physiology: how collapse happens

When an athlete collapses during exertion, the differential diagnosis includes a range of causes—cardiac events, traumatic injury, metabolic problems, and heat-related illness are among the principal concerns. In hot environments, heat-related emergencies occupy a central role because they can progress rapidly from mild heat stress to heatstroke, a life-threatening condition.

Heat illness occurs when the body’s heat production and heat load exceed its capacity to dissipate heat. Risk factors include high ambient temperature, high humidity (which impairs evaporative cooling), intense or prolonged exercise, inadequate hydration, lack of heat acclimatization, heavy clothing or equipment, prior illness, certain medications, and underlying cardiac or metabolic conditions.

Heat cramps and heat exhaustion are early stages characterized by muscle cramping, weakness, dizziness, nausea, and profuse sweating. Exertional heatstroke is defined by central nervous system dysfunction (confusion, collapse, loss of consciousness) combined with a markedly elevated core body temperature (often >104°F / 40°C). Rapid cooling, ideally within minutes, is the only clearly proven life-saving intervention once exertional heatstroke has occurred. Delays in recognition and treatment increase the risk of permanent organ damage and fatality.

Athletes who travel from cooler climates or who have not been exposed to sustained heat for days are particularly susceptible because acclimatization—physiological adjustments that improve thermoregulation and cardiovascular stability—takes time. Typically, heat-acclimatization protocols span one to two weeks of gradually increasing exposure and workload.

Acclimatization and preseason scheduling: what good practice looks like

Organizations that oversee athlete health emphasize graduated exposure to environmental stressors and workload. Heat acclimatization reduces resting core temperature, improves sweat rate and distribution, and enhances cardiovascular tolerance for exertion in heat. The basic elements of an acclimatization protocol include:

  • Progressive increase in exercise intensity and duration across several days.
  • Mandatory rest breaks and scheduled hydration opportunities.
  • Avoiding maximal exertion on the first days of exposure.
  • Screening athletes for medications or conditions that increase heat sensitivity.
  • Adjusting timing and location of sessions (e.g., morning or evening rather than midday in hot climates).
  • Clear criteria for modifying or canceling sessions based on wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT) thresholds.

The National Athletic Trainers’ Association (NATA) and sports medicine bodies publish position statements recommending such steps. NCAA divisions and individual athletic departments have adopted various standards reflecting those recommendations, but implementation varies by sport, climate and available medical staffing.

For sports like hockey, which traditionally operate in controlled indoor environments, the shift to outdoor summer conditioning in a desert climate introduces additional risk. The first day of permissible formal activity—often used for baseline testing, physical conditioning and team-building—carries unique vulnerability if schedules run long and athletes arrive from diverse geographic and climatological backgrounds.

Where processes can fail: supervision, planning and warning signs

Preventable athletic emergencies rarely stem from a single failure. More often, they reflect a chain of decisions and oversights:

  • Scheduling a prolonged, intensive session in high heat without adapted intensity.
  • Inadequate staffing of athletic trainers or medical personnel relative to athlete numbers and environmental risk.
  • Lack of objective monitoring (thermometers, WBGT readings) to guide session modifications.
  • Cultural pressure—coaches’ and athletes’ expectations—that equates toughness with enduring extreme workouts.
  • Failure to spot early physiologic warning signs, such as altered gait, nausea, pallor, or confusion, or to act when those signs appear.
  • Poorly defined emergency action plans (EAPs) or failure to rehearse them, leading to delays in cooling and transport.

Rob Carey’s statement that “there were signs of trouble well before Mayich collapsed” raises precisely these concerns: supervisors may have observed distress without pausing or altering the protocol. From a systems perspective, an effective safety net requires both hazard-aware planning and assertive response to early indicators of danger.

Institutional responses: ASU’s review and calls for independence

Arizona State has said it is conducting a “thorough review” of the circumstances. Institutional internal reviews are standard first steps; they enable the athletic department to gather immediate facts, determine whether protocols were followed and address short-term safety issues.

The family’s attorney has demanded an independent review and administrative leave for those who authorized the workout. Independent reviews are often sought in cases where potential conflicts of interest exist—when the institution’s staff might be answering questions about their own conduct. Independent, third-party investigations can improve credibility with families, media and regulatory entities by removing the perception that an internal process will be biased.

Administrative leave is a common administrative tool used during investigations to prevent potential interference with fact-finding and to preserve the integrity of the process. It is not an admission of fault, but it signals institutional seriousness about the inquiry.

Institutions must balance transparency with privacy and legal constraints. Medical privacy laws protect the athlete’s health information; simultaneously, families often demand a level of openness about the conditions that contributed to a life-altering injury. Many universities choose to release limited factual findings while preserving confidentiality for medical details.

Legal considerations: negligence, duty of care and investigatory pathways

When a collegiate athlete suffers catastrophic harm during a university-organized activity, legal scrutiny typically centers on duty of care, breach, causation and damages.

  • Duty of care: Universities and their athletic staff owe players a duty to provide reasonably safe conditions when conducting mandatory or required team activities. That duty includes appropriate supervision, emergency planning, and adherence to applicable medical and safety standards.
  • Breach: Plaintiffs must show the institution or staff deviated from accepted standards—by failing to follow relevant protocols, not providing adequate medical coverage, scheduling improper activities, or disregarding warning signs.
  • Causation: Plaintiffs must demonstrate that the breach caused or materially contributed to the injury. Medical and expert testimony typically plays an outsized role here, establishing a link between the conditions and the medical outcome.
  • Damages: If breach and causation are proven, the plaintiff may recover medical costs, pain and suffering, loss of future earnings (particularly relevant to drafted players with professional prospects), and other compensable losses.

University liability defenses include state sovereign immunity (where applicable), compliance with prevailing guidelines, assumption of risk by athletes, and contributory fault. The interplay of waiver language in student-athlete agreements, NCAA rules, and state law can complicate claims.

Independent investigations can produce findings that shape subsequent legal strategies. Internal documents—schedules, emails, training plans, athlete medical records and staff communications—become central during discovery. That is why families often seek preservation orders and quick judicial action to prevent document destruction.

High-profile precedents have demonstrated both the legal and reputational consequences of perceived institutional neglect. The 2018 death of University of Maryland football player Jordan McNair led to internal and independent investigations, the resignation of a team staff member, civil suits and statewide scrutiny of heat-acclimatization practices in collegiate athletics. That case altered how many institutions approach preseason conditioning and catalyzed policy change.

Emergency preparedness and on-site medical response: what saves lives

When exertional heatstroke occurs, rapid recognition and immediate cooling—ideally cold-water immersion—are decisive. The window for preventing permanent brain injury or death is narrow: every minute counts.

Key elements of effective on-site response include:

  • Trained athletic trainers and medical professionals physically present during high-risk sessions.
  • Clear Emergency Action Plans (EAPs) specific to the venue and scenario, rehearsed regularly.
  • Equipment for immediate cooling: ice, cold water immersion tubs or tubs of water, insulated sheets, and rapid core temperature assessment tools (rectal thermometers are the medical gold standard for diagnosing hyperthermia during exertion).
  • Communication protocols for summoning advanced medical help and for quickly transporting an athlete to higher-level care when needed.
  • Documentation systems to record the incident timeline and interventions, which are crucial for clinical continuity and for investigative purposes.

Universities with robust EAPs incorporate environmental monitoring, objective thresholds for modifying or suspending activity, and redundancy—multiple trained individuals who can initiate life-saving measures without waiting for a single leader’s instruction.

If the account that Mayich’s session included prolonged exertion with inadequate hydration and delayed medical intervention is accurate, these would represent breakdowns in the immediate safety chain that emergency medicine emphasizes.

Coaching culture and athlete welfare: balancing performance and safety

Athletic performance culture sometimes prizes toughness and persistence. While resilience is a desirable athletic trait, conditioning that elevates risk without commensurate medical oversight crosses into irresponsible practice.

Coaches set the tenor for acceptable risk. When staff prioritize competitive advantage, preseason testing, or conditioning metrics over athlete well-being, athletes may conceal symptoms to avoid embarrassment or perceived weakness. That dynamic places greater responsibility on coaches and medical staff to proactively watch for distress and to create an environment where athletes feel safe reporting symptoms.

Institutional policies can mitigate cultural pressure by removing punitive consequences for athletes who withdraw from sessions for medical reasons and by empowering athletic trainers to override coaching decisions when medical safety is at stake.

College hockey’s unique context: indoor sport meets outdoor conditioning

Hockey is an indoor ice sport with equipment and physiologic demands different from football or lacrosse. Conditioning for hockey often includes off-ice strength and conditioning, plyometrics, and aerobic work. Conducting intensive outdoor conditioning in a desert climate presents specific challenges:

  • Athletes wearing heavier clothing or carrying equipment during conditioning may retain heat.
  • Players arriving from colder climates may lack acclimatization.
  • Hockey programs typically have less experience managing prolonged heat exposure during the season compared with outdoor sports that practice regularly in summer heat.
  • Scheduling off-ice workouts in the middle of a desert day can expose athletes to maximum thermal stress.

These factors argue for particularly cautious planning when indoor-sport teams train outdoors in hot climates. Reducing intensity, increasing breaks, scheduling cooler hours, and monitoring WBGT are straightforward mitigations that should be standard.

Comparisons and precedents: what other institutions have learned the hard way

Instances in which student-athletes suffered severe harm during conditioning have prompted institutional overhaul. The University of Maryland case involving Jordan McNair is prominent: McNair experienced exertional heatstroke during a team workout in May 2018, later died, and subsequent investigations highlighted shortcomings in supervision, communication and cooling protocols. The fallout included administrative changes, revisions to heat-acclimatization policies, and a high-profile settlement.

Another pattern has emerged in high school and youth sports—custodial bodies and school districts facing legal and public scrutiny for failures in heat planning. These incidents have propelled adoption of environmental monitoring, mandatory hydration breaks, and clearer authority for medical personnel to halt sessions.

While each case differs in fact patterns and outcomes, the recurring themes—insufficient medical presence, delayed recognition and inadequate cooling—offer lessons for any program that supervises athletes under environmental stress.

The family’s questions and legal strategies: what they can ask for now

Families in situations like Mayich’s typically take immediate steps to secure information and preserve potential legal avenues:

  • Request preservation of all records related to the workout: schedules, attendance lists, communications among staff, environmental data, and any video or photographs of the session.
  • Demand disclosure of the specific workout plan and who authorized it.
  • Seek medical updates within the constraints of privacy law and as permitted by family authorization.
  • Call for an independent investigation to minimize perceptions of institutional conflict.
  • Consider civil counsel with expertise in sports medicine litigation to advise on rights, potential claims and investigative tactics.

Carey’s public demands for an independent investigation and administrative leave reflect typical strategies designed to protect evidentiary integrity and to ensure accountability. Whether the family pursues litigation will depend on the medical prognosis, investigative findings and legal advice.

Insurance, indemnity and university obligations

Universities carry liability insurance that covers certain claims arising from student injuries. Insurance policies and state liability rules influence settlement dynamics and litigation choices. Beyond insurance, institutions have regulatory obligations to comply with health and safety standards, including those promulgated by accrediting bodies and athletic associations.

In some cases, universities have sought to strengthen waivers and assumption-of-risk language in student-athlete agreements—efforts that courts view skeptically when medical negligence is alleged. Public institutions may have immunity protections under state law; these vary widely and can shape families’ legal strategies.

Transparency about insurance and claims processes is not always forthcoming, but families often gain leverage from public pressure and third-party investigations that raise the reputational costs of perceived institutional indifference.

Athlete career implications: draft status, earning potential and long-term care

For a drafted prospect like Mayich, the stakes extend beyond immediate health. Catastrophic injury can derail a trajectory toward professional play, affecting future earnings and quality of life. Damages in a civil claim may include future lost earnings tied to a professional contract that was reasonably foreseeable at the time of injury; life-care planning and projected medical expenses can be substantial if the athlete requires long-term nursing or rehabilitative care.

Teams that drafted players without signed contracts still have a financial stake in prospects; rehabilitation and medical support are sometimes part of ongoing professional relationships, depending on contractual terms. The NHL and its teams may have policies or discretionary practices regarding support, but legal obligations generally rest with the institution where the injury occurred.

What institutions typically change after incidents: policy and practice adjustments

When universities confront athlete harm linked to institutional practices, common reforms include:

  • Stronger heat-acclimatization policies with explicit WBGT thresholds and activity modifications.
  • Increased medical staffing for high-risk sessions and mandatory presence of athletic trainers for preseason activities.
  • Regular rehearsed EAPs and acquisition of cooling equipment (cold-water immersion tubs).
  • Mandatory reporting and documentation protocols for any signs of heat illness.
  • Training for coaches and staff on recognizing early symptoms and on authority lines that allow medical personnel to halt sessions.
  • External oversight mechanisms, such as independent reviews or third-party audits of training practices.

Institutions often pair policy changes with education campaigns for athletes and families about heat risks and reporting obligations.

The role of regulators and the NCAA: guidance and enforcement

The NCAA provides guidance on preseason activities, but enforcement and specific policies vary by division and sport. NATA and other sports medicine organizations issue recommendations that shape institutional practice, but they are not regulatory bodies with enforcement power across all institutions.

Significant public incidents spur the NCAA and conferences to reexamine guidance and sometimes press member institutions to adopt stricter protocols. Legislative attention is also possible; state lawmakers have introduced bills in the past to standardize heat safety measures in scholastic athletics.

The multiplicity of guidance documents and variable institutional implementation underscores the need for enforceable, transparent standards that protect athletes uniformly.

Practical steps athletic departments should take now

For programs seeking immediate action to reduce risk, the following steps form a practical checklist:

  • Conduct a rapid, transparent review of the event while preserving all records; consider an independent third-party reviewer to bolster credibility.
  • Temporarily suspend similar activities until safety controls are confirmed.
  • Ensure athletic trainers are present at every high-risk session; maintain appropriate staff-to-athlete ratios.
  • Implement objective environmental monitoring (WBGT) and clear thresholds for modifying or cancelling sessions.
  • Provide education to athletes about heat illness signs and encourage prompt self-reporting without penalty.
  • Acquire and maintain cooling supplies, and rehearse EAPs for heat-related emergencies.
  • Communicate with families about policies, procedures and findings in a timely, careful manner, balancing privacy with the need for public accountability.
  • Review contractual and legal obligations, including insurance and potential reporting to oversight bodies.

These steps are designed to prevent further harm and to demonstrate institutional commitment to athlete welfare.

The broader ethical question: how colleges reconcile competitive aims with duty of care

Collegiate athletics exist within tension: universities pursue competitive success, revenue and reputational gains while also bearing responsibilities for student well-being. That tension becomes acute when short-term athletic objectives meet environmental hazards or medical uncertainties.

Ethically, institutions must prioritize student health. That entails investing in preventive medicine—trained athletic trainers, modern medical equipment, and time to acclimatize—rather than relying on individual toughness or improvisation. It also requires transparent governance: clear policies for how and when practices are scheduled, who can override them on medical grounds, and how families will be informed in emergent situations.

Universities that align their policies and operational choices with medical best practices protect not only their students, but also the broader public trust institutions that host collegiate sport.

What athletes and families can do to reduce risk

Athletes and families have agency to mitigate risk before incidents occur:

  • Ask coaches and athletic directors about heat-acclimatization policies and EAPs.
  • Confirm that athletic trainers will be present during high-intensity or outdoor sessions.
  • Report any concerning symptoms immediately and insist on evaluation—do not hide symptoms to preserve playing time.
  • Obtain and keep copies of baseline medical screenings and concussion/heat exposure education materials.
  • For families of players transferring between climates, emphasize the importance of a phased acclimatization period to coaching staff.
  • If concerns arise about training practices, raise them promptly with athletic department leadership and document communications.

Proactive family engagement can prompt safer planning and ensure concerns are addressed before they escalate.

How the media and public scrutiny shape outcomes

Media coverage focuses public attention and often accelerates institutional action. High-profile reporting can pressure universities to commission independent reviews, change policies and communicate more openly. That pressure can be constructive—improving safety—or it can complicate investigations if it fosters defensive posturing.

Balanced reporting that centers verified facts, avoids speculation about causation before investigations conclude, and amplifies expert guidance on prevention serves public interest. Families, institutions and medical professionals all benefit from focused, responsible coverage.

Moving forward: what to watch in the ASU case

Key items to follow as the ASU situation develops:

  • Whether Arizona State appoints an independent investigator, and who that third party will be.
  • Whether involved staff are placed on administrative leave during the review.
  • The university’s release of a detailed timeline of the workout, including the plan, environmental measures and staffing levels.
  • Medical updates that family chooses to share about Mayich’s condition and prognosis.
  • Any preservation orders or legal filings initiated by the family.
  • Policy changes that ASU implements regarding offseason conditioning, heat monitoring and emergency readiness.

The answers to these questions will shape not only the trajectory of the Mayich family’s search for accountability, but also ASU’s institutional reputation and potential reforms across collegiate hockey programs.

Lessons beyond a single incident

This case is not isolated. It reflects systemic questions about how institutions conduct early-season and offseason training, how they supervise activities in extreme climates, and how they meet legal and ethical obligations to student-athletes. The remedies are clear in principle—acclimatization, objective environmental monitoring, adequate medical staffing, rehearsed emergency plans and transparent, independent reviews when things go wrong—but consistent application across programs remains uneven.

High-profile tragedies in college athletics have produced meaningful change when institutions, regulators and medical bodies collaborate to translate lessons into enforceable policies. The ASU incident presents another inflection point: one that could spur renewed attention to training practices for indoor sports that hold offseason sessions in hot environments and to the mechanisms universities use to ensure athlete safety.

FAQ

Q: What exactly happened to Matthew Mayich? A: Public reports state that Mayich collapsed during an outdoor workout on Aug. 20 at Arizona State University. He remains hospitalized and, according to his family’s attorney, his condition is highly unlikely to change. Specific medical details have not been fully disclosed to the public due to privacy considerations.

Q: Who is investigating the incident? A: Arizona State has said it will conduct a “thorough review.” The family’s attorney has called for an independent investigation and administrative leave for those who authorized the workout. Whether an independent third party will be appointed remains to be announced.

Q: What are the main allegations from the family’s attorney? A: Attorney Rob Carey says the outdoor workout was “onerous” and “grueling,” lasted well over an hour, and provided only one water break for some athletes. He alleges there were warning signs before Mayich collapsed and that supervisors did not intervene. Carey has asked the university for an independent probe and for administrative leave for those involved.

Q: Could this have been a heat-related medical emergency? A: Heat-related illness is a leading cause of exertional collapse in hot environments, particularly when athletes are not acclimatized and when sessions are prolonged without adequate hydration and rest. The precise medical cause in Mayich’s case has not been publicly confirmed.

Q: What protocols should athletic programs follow to prevent heat-related illness? A: Best practices include phased heat-acclimatization over days to weeks, objective environmental monitoring (WBGT), scheduled rest and hydration breaks, medical staff presence, access to rapid-cooling equipment, and rehearsed emergency action plans. Programs should also modify or cancel sessions when environmental conditions exceed safety thresholds.

Q: What legal options do families have in situations like this? A: Families can seek preservation of records, request independent investigations, and consider civil litigation alleging negligence if evidence indicates institutional breaches of duty. Legal strategies depend on the facts, investigatory findings, and state law, including any sovereign immunity that may apply.

Q: How do universities normally respond after such incidents? A: Institutions typically conduct internal reviews, may commission independent investigations, implement policy changes (such as stricter heat-acclimatization protocols), and sometimes place staff on administrative leave while inquiries proceed. They also face reputational scrutiny and may engage outside counsel.

Q: How common are heat-related collapses in college sports? A: They are relatively uncommon but remain a persistent risk, particularly in preseason and offseason conditioning held in hot environments. High-profile cases have prompted policy changes, but variability in implementation means risk persists.

Q: What can athletes and families do to reduce risk? A: Ask athletic departments about heat policies and emergency plans, ensure athletic trainers will be present, report symptoms immediately, and advocate for phased acclimatization—especially when transferring between climates.

Q: Will this incident change NCAA or conference policies? A: Public, high-profile incidents often lead governing bodies to reassess guidance and encourage member institutions to adopt stricter safety measures. Whether the ASU case will produce formal NCAA-level changes depends on investigatory findings and the broader policy response from collegiate athletics stakeholders.

Q: Who can I contact for more information or to offer support? A: Respect the family’s privacy during medical crises. For institutional information, check official Arizona State University athletic department releases. For medical guidance regarding heat illness, consult certified athletic trainers, sports medicine physicians, or professional organizations such as NATA.


The incident at Arizona State has again focused attention on a preventable risk that can alter lives in an instant. The steps institutions take now—both to support a family facing a devastating medical outcome and to strengthen protections for other athletes—will determine whether a painful episode becomes a lasting lesson or a repeated warning.

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